Ineffectiveness of the United Nations’ Gender Equality Program in Madagascar: An Empowerment-Based Analysis (2015–2021)
Keywords:
Education, Gender Equality, Institutional Limitations, Madagascar, Women Empowerment, United NationsAbstract
Gender inequality is a significant challenge in Madagascar, with women facing persistent gaps in education, employment and political participation. The United Nations (UN) has launched multiple initiatives aimed at promoting gender equality particularly in the education sector. This study explored why these efforts, implemented between 2015 and 2021 failed to achieve their intended outcomes despite sustained international support and resource allocation. Using the concept of empowerment as its analytical lens, the research adopted a qualitative approach drawing on secondary data from academic journals, development reports and government publications. The findings reveal that while there have been initiatives such as enhanced school enrolment for girls and the implementation of gender equality employment policies, substantial systematic barriers persist. These constraints include established gender stereotypes, limited institutional capacity, insufficient local ownership and poor coordination between international entities and local stakeholders. The results demonstrate that addressing gender disparity in Madagascar requires context-sensitive and inclusive tactics, transcending conventional top-down methods. Enhancing national education systems, enacting gender-responsive employment policies, and augmenting women's participation in political processes are crucial for attaining enduring gender equality. These initiatives are essential for promoting a more inclusive and sustainable growth trajectory for Madagascar.
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